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Volume 5 Number 8 August 2019

Development of Baan ChokKhwaoSinarin's Jewelry of Isan in Thailand


Authors: Yauwalak Chuathong ; Niyom Wongpongkham ; Preechawut Apirating
Pages: 1286-1292
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.58.1286.1292
Abstract
This article is a part of dissertation on the topic of factors influencing development of jewelry in Isan region by Assoc. Prof. Dr. Niyom Wongpongkam and Dr. Preechawut Apirating. This research aimed to study the development of jewelry in Baan ChokKhwaoSinarin, Isan region, Thailand. The study was conducted using qualitative methods. The research instrument included survey, observation, interview, and group discussion. The studied samples included jewelry and the jewelry makers. The concept of cultural ecology was employed in the data analysis. The result showed that the development of Baan ChokKhwaoSinarin’s jewelry originated since prehistory period and inherited until today. The development was categorized into 6 areas which were 1) development in patterns; in the past, patterns were imitated from nature without cutting or trimming any parts, while at present, the patterns are partially cut and trimmed to make them more contemporaneous, 2) development in material; in the past, valuable materials such as gold, silver, semi-precious gemstone were used, while gemstones and synthetic sapphire are more commonly used now, 3) development in production; past production was done by melting, molding, trench welding, and polishing which required human labors, whereas the present production involves using machine and technology, 4) development in aesthetic design; the past designs were uniformly outlined, focused on relative geometric patterns, and left-right balanced design, while the present designs has been outlined to one side and trimmed out some parts, 5) development in utility; the jewelry in the past was used as a belief symbol, while at present it has been used as matching ornament for attires 6) development in belief symbolism; in the past, the jewelry was thought of related to amulets, while the present the belief has shifted to zodiac gemstones.

Transportation and Physical Distribution Managements on Profitability of Livestock Dealers in Selected Livestock Markets in Ogun State, Nigeria


Authors: Dr. Onu C. A. ; Dr. Akinlabi B. H. ; Dr.  Kabuoh M. N. ; Odunmbaku A. A.
Pages: 1276-1285
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.58.1276.1285
Abstract
Transportation and physical distribution are elements of logistics management which organizations realized that improvement in logistics would enable them to gain competitive advantage and achieved higher profitability around the world. Transportation of livestock (sheep, rams, cattle, goats) from the north to the south in Nigeria is very expensive and risky business among illiterate livestock dealers. Also, the livestock are kept standing, and some cases lying in the vehicles throughout the long journey of between 2-3 days with bad shape of most Nigerian roads which trucks and vehicles are prone to accidents. This study examined the effect of transportation and physical distribution management on profitability of livestock dealers in selected livestock markets in Ogun State, Nigeria. This study adopted survey research design. The population of the study comprised 1678 livestock dealers across four main divisions (Remo, Ijebu, Yewa, Egba) of Ogun State. The sample size estimated through raosoft sample size calculator was 407 selected through a multi-stage sampling technique.This sampling technique was used because livestock dealers are scattered across the four main divisions of Ogun State. A structured and adapted survey questionnaire was validated and used for collecting of data for the study. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficients for the constructs, ranged from 0.782 to 0.838. The response rate was 79.7%. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (Partial Least Square Structural equation modeling). Findings revealed significant influence of transportation management activities on the profitability of livestock dealers in selected markets in Ogun State β=.495, t=11.814, p<0.05). Physical distribution management had effect on profitability of livestock dealers in selected livestock markets in Ogun State (β=.839, t=41.453, p<0.05). The study concluded that logistics management has the opportunity to increase the profitability of livestock dealers and to be recognized for that contribution by implementing initiatives in the areas of transportation management activities and physical distribution management. It recommended a channel that enables faster distribution of livestock and at lower cost should be put in place. Also, it is necessary because physical distribution of livestock is essential for livestock dealers to realize their potential revenue and achieve customer satisfaction.

Effect of Reactive Agility Training Drills on Speed and Agility in Indonesian University Students


Authors: Nining W. Kusnanik ; Wahyu E. Widiyanto ; Stephen P. Bird
Pages: 1272-1275
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.58.1272.1275
Abstract
The purpose of this research was to determine the potential training effect of reactive agility in improving speed and agility. This study was conducted on 36 students and divided into 3 groups with 12 students per groups. Group 1 was given lateral mirror drill, Group 2 sprint mirror drill, and Group 3 conventional training for a period of 8 weeks, 3 times/week with a day off. Performance measures of agility and speed were assessed via the T-test for agility and 30m sprints for speed, respectively. Data was analyzed using paired sample t-test and multivariate analysis of variance. The result of this study found that there was a significant effect of sprint mirror drill to improve speed and agility; there was a significant effect of lateral mirror drill in improving speed and agility; there was a difference effect of lateral mirror drill and sprint mirror drills in improving speed and agility.  Conclusion: these data provide preliminary support of incorporating reactive agility drills such as the sprint mirror and lateral mirror drills in improving performance measures of speed and agility.

The Success Factors of and Barriers Faced by Entrepreneurial SMEs in Jordon


Authors: Alaa Alhorani
Pages: 1265-1271
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.58.1265.1271
Abstract
The research study aims to investigate the existing barriers and success factor related to entrepreneurial SMEs in Jordan. This study adopts a quantitative methodology to examine the research problem and pursues a descriptive design, which involves a survey. The sample size of the study is 54 SMEs entrepreneurs or their representatives, based in Jordan. The results from the same indicated that product quality, cash sufficiency and effective business location plays an important role in the success of entrepreneurial SMEs in Jordan. Some of the major barriers identified by the respondents are lack of technological advancement, high cost of financing and lack of effective training for employees of the business. Lastly, the conclusion has been presented with three crucially important recommendations for such SMEs.

Marketing Environment Analysis: Café Facilities Element Effects on Café’s Consumer Behaviour in Selangor, Malaysia


Authors: Syairah Suib ; Sarina Ismail
Pages: 1256-1264
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.58.1256.1264
Abstract
The food service industry has grown rapidly in response to the changing consumer lifestyles. In this regard, the food service industry is highly competitive as the number of new entrants offering inventive food products and services keep on increasing to keep up with the demand for novel food products. Consequently, café operators are focusing on improving their store environment to gain advantage in the competitive industry. Studies have found that store facility can stimulate consumers’ emotions, and in turn, significantly increases positive association with the café environment. Owners are also keen to upgrade their café to become a social space or a co-working space to fulfil consumers’ needs. This study aims to investigate the impact of various café environment factors on consumer behaviour. The sample for this survey consists of patrons of cafes in Selangor who were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data from 320 questionnaires were analysed by using the Partial Least Square technique was used to analyse. It was found that café results indicated that café design and café cleanliness significantly influences consumer behaviour. The findings indicate that café facilities have a significant positive impact on pleasure, which has a direct, positive influence on consumer behaviour. The mediation result confirms that pleasure mediates the relationship between café facilities and consumer behaviour.

The Effect of the Ethical Leadership toward Organizational Culture in Student Organization of Business Administration in School of Communication and Business Telkom University


Authors: Alex Winarno ; Mahendra Fakhri ; Dita Puri Utami
Pages: 1249-1255
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.58.1249.1255
Abstract
This study aims to determine the effect of the ethical leadership toward organizational culture at Himpunan Mahasiswa (Student College Association) of Business Administration on Faculty of Communication and Business Telkom University or called HIMA ADBIS. HIMA ADBIS is one of the student organizations at Telkom University. This research uses a quantitative method. The types of data required for this research are primary and secondary data. This research uses a saturation sampling method with 52 respondents consisting of all organizers of HIMA ADBIS, and simple linear regression analysis for data analyzing. The results showed that ethical leadership is in the position of 84,08% with a number of very high category and organizational culture in the position of 86,27% with a number of very high category. The result of partially showed that ethical leadership influences organizational culture amounted to 22,5% and from other variables amounted to 77,5% are not researched in this research.

Female Continue to Face Challenges in Acquiring Higher Education in Pakistan


Authors: Hakim Ullah ; Chen Xiaoduan ; Tariq Mehmood Bhuttah ; Saima Javed
Pages: 1238-1248
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.58.1238.1248
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the challenges, which girls had to face to overcome the cultural obstructions in getting higher education. The study focused on a multitude of cultural barriers and challenges, financial problems, and academic issues that female had to face. Qualitative, as well as a quantitative research approach, was used to know about the experience of respondents which they experienced while getting admission in the university. Questioners were the essential tools to collect the data described by a percentage basis. The study was conducted in Bahauddin Zakariya University Multan (Punjab, Pakistan) because different rural areas surrounded it. The population of the present study consisted of the female students studying in BS (Hons) program and M.sc students of the university. The paper argues that financial constraints included the theme of the scarcity of resources allocated to girls.  Due to poor economic conditions, parents preferred their son’s education as compared to the daughter’s school and suggested that due to limited resources, parents choose between daughter’s education and son’s education. “From these excerpts, it was also revealed that families did not invest in girl’s education due to their restricted productivity in generating income for the family. The results also show that various factors are responsible for the social exclusion of girls from the education sector of Pakistan. These factors include the conservative attitude of family and preference to boy’s education. The originality of this paper is that the conservative opinion of the family and community is the primary determinant of low enrollment rate of girls in higher education. In addition to this, the result of the research depicts that little parental education also results in a flat enrollment rate in Pakistan.

Analysis and Reflections on the Right to Privacy and Intimity, Your Need Inclusion and Definition in the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States


Authors: María Del Rocío García Sánchez ; Kenya Hernandez Vinalay ; Noemí Ascencio López
Pages: 1230-1237
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.58.1230.1237
Abstract
A fundamental point that occupies us in the present analysis is that contents are framed within the dimensions of the right to intimacy, and to privacy since in this respect there is no clear definition in the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States and the Supreme Court of Justice of the Nation does not clarify both terms either. The improvements in the quality of life that have been reported and the new ways of promoting the dignity of people have found in communication technologies new ways of attacking personal rights by those who use these new media for illicit purposes. They are more difficult attacks to investigate, prosecute and punish given the current technological characteristics and that have generated new phenomena that disrupt the intimacy and privacy of people. Therefore, one of the central themes of this discussion is in the proper definition and limits of intimacy and privacy. Both are fundamental and indispensable rights in the development of the people embodied in the Political Constitution of the United Mexican States. Consequently, it is necessary that these two rights are clearly recognized and defined in the Mexican Constitution and a secondary legislation is created that regulates its limits in a timely manner, considering that intimacy is the reserved or more particular part of the thoughts, affections or issues the interior of a person, which appears in a restrictive sphere that belongs to the most personal nucleus of the individual, while privacy is the right that people have to maintain and confidentially reserve files; records, personal or public databases, but also, privacy would depend on the cultural, political and social context in which one lives, that is, there are countries that are characterized by authoritarian governments with strong restrictions in many personal areas, such as free access to the Internet, freedom of the press, freedom of assembly, free formation of social organizations and freedom of worship.

Using Social Media to Attract Customers in Lebanon


Authors: Seifedine Kadry ; Fatima Khaled
Pages: 1217-1229
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.58.1217.1229
Abstract
Social media nowadays have become part of our everyday life. People around the world spend most of their time on social media, (Face book, Instagram, Twitter, etc.), so this network becomes a way that affect people’s decisions especially their purchasing decision in the pre-purchasing stage. Thus, businesses are using the social media for marketing to let the customers in any place in the world knows about their brand and products without even visiting their shop. This media has enabled people from anywhere to access grocery stores and restrooms without any time constraint through electronic devices, such as computers, mobile phones, etc (Bernhardt  et al., 2012; Enrico Di  et al., 2018). Social media has been recognized as an informative venue in that it assists the relationship among customers by sharing their experiences, which can provide valuable information for others (Alalwan, 2018; Hajli and Bus Ethics, 2018; Sheth and Kim, 2018; Sujin and Myongjee, 2016). More than two-thirds of companies are using social media for marketing and service (Ma  et al., 2015; Muhammad  et al., 2018; Si Shi  et al., 2019). As consumers increase their online activity today, the industries and businesses become to use it as a way of sharing information and opinion about their product. This way let marketing become easier, since it provides instant information for the consumer at any time from the entire world. Social media has emerged as a dominant digital communications channel and has significantly influenced the marketing communications environment. Not only does it allow interaction between customers and companies  (FangPei Su  et al., 2018; Gretzel and Fesenmaier, 2012; Gretzel and Dinhopl, 2013; Kristina  et al., 2018; Muresan and Sinuraya, 2018; Rebecca  et al., 2019) but also among customers (Xiang and Gretzel, 2010). It make the communication with other customers that used the product become easier, in this way they can know more about any product they want (Jiabao  et al., 2019; Kumar and Pradhan, 2018) The aim of this research is to know whether social media can affect customer purchasing decision during the pre-purchase stage This research aims to answer the following research question: RQ1: Do social media influence customer purchasing decision. RQ2: Do people prefer advertising using social media. To explore these questions, a study will be done to see the influence of social media advertising on customers. The objective of this research is to help the marketing professional.

Learning for Fun: Strategies for Social Networking-Based Language Learning


Authors: Che Wan Ida Rahimah Bt. Che Wan Ibrahim
Pages: 1210-1216
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.58.1210.1216
Abstract
Technology-mediated sociocultural practice requires the dynamic interplay of learner-users’ roles, learning contexts and technology tools. The behavioral intentions of users interact with the perceived features of these tools in enabling up-to-date personal experiences of leisure learning and social networking available online. The aim of this article is to explore the current perceptions among Malaysian university students about their daily learning strategies of English as a Second Language (ESL) via social networking. It initially makes use of the online surveys (quantitative self-reported questionnaire) that have been administered to final year Malaysian university students, ESL learners’ population of approximately 500 students. The result shows that there is obvious potential within these new media resources to empower Malaysian ESL learners with authentic learning potentials such as to communicate, practice and rehearse through the multiple identities and learning strategies they adopt in the virtual environment.

Highlighting the Recent Historical Innovations in Political Progressions from Law


Authors: Zi-Jian Cai
Pages: 1204-1209
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.58.1204.1209
Abstract
In this paper, it is highlighted the recent big historical innovations of politics from law the world people participating enthusiastically, manifested in television and recorded as diaries. It was the author Cai who started and led the democratic law execution in China in 2000, which was new in history and helped establish the theory of armed police. Besides overcoming the difficulties after the June 4th Incident and acquiring some provincial supports in China, it further promoted the democracy in Mideast in many countries, differentiating the democratic law execution and democratic revolution by the legality of route map to election. During this period, it was proposed by the Mideast people the revival of race by law. To control the democratic crimes, it was suggested by the world people to innovatively use the party disciplines in congresses at various levels, including the communist parties worldwide, the Democratic Progressive Party in Taiwan, the Democratic National Construction Association of China, the Christian Democratic Union in Germany, and so on. It was the international movement of “Marx-MingXun calling for competitive election” that overcame the autocratic influence from China, increased the democratic proportion of world communists, and revived the communist parties synchronously in the whole world to practice law to control the democratic crimes. It was Taiwan president YingWen Cai of Democratic Progressive Party and Germany Chancellor Merkel of Christian Democratic Union who elevated the law against democratic crimes to the national level. It is expected that these political innovations would improve the democracy and law.

Exploring Customer Perceptions on Housing Loan: Evidence from the Malaysian Urban Community


Authors: Dr. Anantha Raj A. Arokiasamy ; Dr. Sam Sarpong
Pages: 1193-1203
DOI: doi.org/10.32861/jssr.58.1193.1203
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to examine the factors that influence the customer decision on demand of housing loan. This research is conducted by distributing questionnaires to respondents from 3 urban areas which are Kuala Lumpur, Penang and Johor. Data was used to analyse reliability test, descriptive analysis, Pearson Correlation and so on. At the end, housing price, interest rate, taxation benefits and income level can be concluded to have a positive relationship with housing loan demand at the point where the increase in housing price or income level will increase the housing loan demand. Interest rate and taxation benefits are not consistent with the previous research conducted by other researchers. This may due to Malaysian currency weaken and economy slow down, therefore, people intend to own a property instead of holding cash, since the property will appreciate in value while currency depreciate in value. Result from this research only represents the demand of housing loans in Malaysia, but not the result of the global market.